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Saturday 17 September 2011

World Geography- Important Boundary Lines


World Geography- Important Boundary Lines
Durand Line :
Between Pakistan and Afghanistan, demarcated by Sir Mortimer Durand in 1896.
Hindenberg Line :
The line to which the Germans retreated in 1917 during the First World War, defines the boundary between Germany and Poland.
Line of Control :
It divides Kashmir between India and Pakistan.
Maginot Line :
Boundary between France and Germany.
Mannerheim Line :
Drawn by General Mannerheim; fortification on the Russia an Finland border.
McMahon Line :
The boundary between India and China as demarcated by Sir Henry McMahon in 1914. China does not recognise this line.
Oder Niesse Line :
Boundary between Germany and Poland.
Radcliffe Line :
Drawn by Sir Cyril Radcliffe in 1947 as demarcation between India and Pakistan.
Seigfrid Line :
Line of fortification drawn by Germany on its border with France.
17th Parallel :
The line which defined the boundary between North Vietnam and South Vietnam before the two were united.
24th Parallel :
The line which Pakistan claims should be the demarcation between India and Pakistan.
38th Parallel :
Boundary between North Korea and South Korea.
49th Parallel :
Boundary between USA and Canada.
NATURAL BORBERS
Natural borders are geographical features that present natural obstacles to communication and transport. Existing political borders are often a formalization of these historical, natural obstacles.
Some geographical features that often constitute natural borders are:
  • Oceans: oceans create very costly natural borders. Very few nation states span more than one continent. Only very large and resource-rich states are able to sustain the costs of governance across oceans for longer periods of time.
  • Rivers: some political borders have been formalized along natural borders formed by rivers. Some examples are; the Rio Grande border (Mexico-USA), theRhine border (France-Germany), and the Mekong border (Thailand-Laos)
  • Lakes: larger lakes create natural borders. One example is the natural border created by Lake Tanganyika (Congo-Burundi-Tanzania-Zambia)
  • Forests: denser jungles or forests can create strong natural borders. One example of a natural forest border is the Amazon rain forest (Colombia-Venezuela-Guyana-Brazil-Bolivia-Peru)
  • Mountain ranges: research on borders suggests that mountains have especially strong effects as natural borders. Many nations in Europe and Asia have had their political borders defined along mountain ranges.
Throughout history, technological advances have reduced the costs of transport and communication across these natural borders. This has reduced the significance of natural borders over time. As a result, political borders that have been formalized more recently — such as those in Africa or Americas — typically conform less to natural borders than very old borders — such as those in Europe or Asia — do. States whose borders conform to natural borders are, for similar reasons, more likely to be strong nation-state.

 The list below contains examples of rivers and lakes that are the bases of recent boundary disputes.
NATURAL BORDER BY REGIONS:

By region

Africa

North America


North America-Central America

Central America


Caribbean region

South America

Europe

Asia

Middle East





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